Most variety shows are built on games: the cast split into teams, take on missions and pay forfeits when they lose. Today covers the words on the board, 미션 (misyeon), 벌칙 (beolchik) and 반칙 (banchik), and how to say who won and who lost, 이겼다 (igyeotda) and 졌다 (jyeotda). By the end you can follow a round of rock, paper, scissors from the chant to the forfeit.
On the board
Short announcements, often shouted by the hosts and repeated in the captions:
게임 시작!
geim sijak!
Let the game begin!
게임 is borrowed from English, like 미션 and 팀 (tim). 시작 is 'start'.
미션 성공!
misyeon seonggong!
Mission accomplished!
성공 'success' and 실패 (silpae) 'failure' are nouns and sit straight after the task with no verb: 미션 실패! 'mission failed'.
벌칙 당첨!
beolchik dangcheom!
You've drawn the forfeit!
벌칙 is the penalty the loser has to do. 당첨 is the word for winning a prize draw, so the phrase is deliberately ironic.
반칙이야!
banchigiya!
That's cheating! Foul!
반칙 is breaking the rules, the same word as a foul in sport. Shouted by whoever has just lost, usually without evidence.
Why it works
Announcements drop the verb and keep the nouns, the way a headline does, so 미션 성공 is complete as it stands. That makes them easy to catch: listen for the noun at the end. 벌칙 and 반칙 sound alike because they share a Chinese-derived syllable, 칙 'rule'; 벌칙 is a punishment rule and 반칙 is going against the rule. 벌 is punishment, as in 벌금 'a fine'.
Won and lost
One result, three ways, depending on who, if anyone, you are telling:
Our team wonat the moment it happens, then afterwards
Shouted
우리 팀이 이겼다!
uri timi igyeotda!
Friends
우리 팀이 이겼어.
uri timi igyeosseo.
Polite
우리 팀이 이겼어요.
uri timi igyeosseoyo.
이겼다 is the plain past of 이기다 'to win'. 팀이 links as 티미.
We lostsaid with a groan
Shouted
졌다!
jyeotda!
Friends
졌어.
jyeosseo.
Polite
졌어요.
jyeosseoyo.
From 지다 'to lose'. The same verb is used for the sun setting; context keeps them apart.
We did ita mission that worked
Shouted
성공했다!
seonggonghaetda!
Friends
성공했어.
seonggonghaesseo.
Polite
성공했어요.
seonggonghaesseoyo.
성공 plus 하다 makes the verb 'to succeed'. 실패했다 'it failed' works the same way.
Why it works
The first column uses the plain -다 form, the one in dictionaries, diaries and newspapers, and it is addressed to nobody. That is why someone can shout 이겼다! in front of the most senior person in the room without being rude: they are exclaiming, not talking to anyone. The moment you tell a person, you need an ending that fits them, -어 for friends and -어요 for everyone else. 웃기다 at the end of day 2 was the same trick.
Loser drinks
Two friends settle who pays the forfeit:
태오
가위바위보 하자.
gawibawibo haja.
Let's do rock, paper, scissors.
-자 on a verb is the casual 'let's'.
유나
좋아. 진 사람이 벌칙!
joa. jin sarami beolchik!
Fine. Loser takes the forfeit!
진 사람 'the person who lost', from 지다. No verb at the end, headline style, as in the first block.
태오
안 내면 진 거, 가위바위보!
an naemyeon jin geo, gawibawibo!
Don't throw and you lose. Rock, paper, scissors!
The chant before every round; see the note below.
유나
이겼다!
igyeotda!
I won!
태오
반칙이야! 늦게 냈어.
banchigiya! neutge naesseo.
Cheat! You threw late.
내다 'to put out' is the verb for throwing a hand. 늦게 'late'.
유나
장난해? 네가 졌어.
jangnanhae? nega jyeosseo.
Are you kidding? You lost.
장난해? from day 2. 네가 'you' is nearly always said [니가], so that it does not sound like 내가 'I'.
태오
알았어. 벌칙이 뭐야?
arasseo. beolchigi mwoya?
Fine. What's the forfeit?
유나
얼음물 마시기!
eoreummul masigi!
Drinking a glass of ice water!
Forfeits are named with -기, which turns a verb into 'doing it': 마시다 'to drink', 마시기 'drinking'.
Why it works
This is the whole shape of a variety game in eight lines: a rule, a chant, a result, a protest and a forfeit. Every stage has a fixed phrase, which is why these words are the easiest part of a show to follow. 반칙이야 and 장난해? are both mock outrage between friends, the kind of complaint from day 2 that nobody means. Listen for 이겼다 and 졌다 at the end of each round, because the rest of the scene hangs on them.