The 14 basic consonants
Where two sounds are given, the first is usual at the start of a block and the second at the end.
ㄱg/k
ㄴn
ㄷd/t
ㄹr/l
ㅁm
ㅂb/p
ㅅs
ㅇng
ㅈj
ㅊch
ㅋk
ㅌt
ㅍp
ㅎh
The 10 basic vowels
Upright vowels sit to the right of a consonant, flat ones underneath it.
ㅏa
ㅑya
ㅓeo
ㅕyeo
ㅗo
ㅛyo
ㅜu
ㅠyu
ㅡeu
ㅣi
The 5 double consonants
Tense: a tight throat and no puff of air.
ㄲkk
ㄸtt
ㅃpp
ㅆss
ㅉjj
The 11 compound vowels
Two vowels written together as one.
ㅐae
ㅒyae
ㅔe
ㅖye
ㅘwa
ㅙwae
ㅚoe
ㅝwo
ㅞwe
ㅟwi
ㅢui
A syllable block always starts with a consonant. ㅇ in first place is silent, so 아 is said a. Learn the basic consonants and vowels first; they are enough to read most of what you meet on day one.
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