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Adding a y

Day 4 of 10~15 minㅑ, ㅕ, ㅛ and ㅠ: one extra stroke puts a y in front of a vowel.
Romanisation help

Today's four vowels are not really new sounds, but vowels you know with a y in front: ㅑ is ya, ㅕ is yeo, ㅛ is yo and ㅠ is yu. By the end you can read 우유 (uyu), 'milk', and 여기 (yeogi), 'here', and you will see the pattern that makes these letters almost free to learn.

Double the stroke, add a y

Compare ㅏ with ㅑ: the only difference in shape is a second short stroke, and the only difference in sound is a y at the start. The same holds for ㅓ and ㅕ, ㅗ and ㅛ, and ㅜ and ㅠ. The vowel's position does not change either, so ㅑ and ㅕ sit to the right of the consonant, and ㅛ and ㅠ sit below it. After a consonant the y is still said, which is why 교 is gyo and 휴 is hyu. Modern Korean has no y version of ㅡ or ㅣ, so the set stops at four.

야

Sound
ya, as in
How it sounds
ya as in 'yard', kept short.
Memory hook
ㅏ with a second short stroke. The doubled stroke puts a y in front, and the same rule holds for all four y vowels.
Watch for
Reading it as ㅏ at a glance and missing the second stroke.
yagu
baseball
yachae
vegetables
goyangi
cat

여

Sound
yeo, as in
How it sounds
A y gliding into ㅓ, close to the 'yo' of 'yonder' with relaxed, unrounded lips.
Memory hook
ㅓ with a second stroke, and the extra stroke adds the y.
Watch for
Saying it as yo, which is ㅛ; the lips stay unrounded for ㅕ.
yeoja
woman
yeogi
here
yeoreum
summer

요

Sound
yo, as in
How it sounds
yo as in 'yoghurt', with the lips rounded.
Memory hook
ㅗ with the upward stroke doubled, and the extra stroke adds the y.
Watch for
Confusing it with ㅕ, which has no lip rounding.
yori
cooking
hakgyo
school
gyosil
classroom

유

Sound
yu, as in
How it sounds
yu as in 'you'.
Memory hook
ㅜ with two legs instead of one, and the extra leg adds the y.
Watch for
Dropping the y, so that 휴지 comes out as 후지.
uyu
milk
hyuji
tissue
yuri
glass

Read these

Every word here uses only letters you have met so far. Say it before you press the speaker.

uyu
milk
yeoja
woman
yeogi
here
yeou
fox
yagu
baseball
yori
cooking
yuri
glass
gyosu
professor
hyuji
tissue
muryo
free of charge
nyuseu
the news

Write today's letters

  • Top to bottom, left to right.
  • Horizontal strokes are written left to right, vertical ones top to bottom.
  • Many corners are turned without lifting the pen, so ㄱ and ㄴ are each a single stroke.
  • ㅇ is drawn anticlockwise, starting from the top.
  • Vowels follow the same order: ㅏ and ㅜ start with the long line, while ㅓ and ㅗ start with the short stroke.
  • In a block, write the consonant first, then the vowel, then any final consonant.

Check yourself

8 questions. Get 5 right to finish the day.